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A Evaluation of Workers’ Exposure to Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (mdi) in an Automobile Manufacturing Company, Iran

IN THE NAME OF GOD

Dear Sir,

Tank you very much for publishing my paper in your journal as " LETTERS TO THE EDITOR".

Yours sincerely

Hosaiun - Ali karbasi

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

A Evaluation of Workers’ Exposure to Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) in an Automobile Manufacturing Company, Iran

Hossein Kakooei, Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri, Hossein-Ali Karbasi

Evaluation of personal inhalation exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) among 39 employees,working in the window fixation and window glue processes in an automobile manufacturing company was performed. This study was conducted for both case and control groups. After sampling and sample preparation processes,MDI was determined with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 590 nm; the lung function was assessed with a digital spirometer, too. The average concentration of MDI in the window fixation, and window glue workplaces were 34.53 and 27.37 μg/m³, respectively, which was lower than the threshold limit value (TLV) recommended by the American Hygienists (ACGIH) (51 μg/m³). Respiratory symptoms in the exposed group were significantly different Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (51 μg/m³). Respiratory symptoms in the exposed group were significantly different compared to the unexposed group (p

-The performance test of regression analysis showed to related factors such as Age, Height and Years of work.

-Sampling and analysis airborne isocyanates are a challenging problem, however, the areas that feel need more research include:

- Resolution of the correct sampling technique needed to characterize isocyanate in air.

-Simulation and modules systems studies are required on occupational groups for whom reliable exposure levels are available, to address.

- The question of cancer, and to evaluate potential long - term human hazard under current standards of good working practice Because it is not possible to reach confident conclusions from data on the neurotoxicity of MDI ,neurophysiological and behavioral studies should be carried out on asymptomatic workers exposed at current hygien standards.

-For the foreseeable future, exposed workers require health monitoring by systematic symptom enquiry and by standardized measurement of ventilatory function, with subsequent analysis of trends in individual, and group mean, values.

-Further metabolic studies of a qualitative and quantitative nature are required with a view to developing methods of measuring MDI uptake and monitoring exposure.

-Appropriate sampling strategies, together with existing analytical methods, have to be developed and used to obtain better information about exposure, special attention should be given to the detection and characterization of peak values.

-The results of these analyses should be evaluated in parallel with careful health studies.

-Whether MDI produces sensitization in human being by pharmacological or immune mechanisms needs to be elucidated with a view to determining whether restrictions placed on the employment of a topic subject, in areas where MDI is produced or used, are justified.

-Studies are required to determine whether diisocyanates have embryo toxic and teratogenic properties or induce adverse reproductive effects at current exposure levels.

-Further environmental levels of MDI in the neighborhood of sources and to collect ecotoxicity data.

-Additional animal carcinogenicity testing using the Inhalation route should be carried out.

-The greatest priority should be given to safe methods of use, and the education, training and supervision of operatives.

References:

1) Herbert-FA, Hessel-PA, Melenka-LS, Yoshida-K, Nakaza-M, Pulmonaryeffects of simultaneous exposures to MDI formaldehyde and wood dust on workers in an oriented strand board plant. J- Occup -Environ-Med. 1995 Apr, 37(4), 461-5.

2) Adams W.G.F .Brochhangen, Health problems in the industrial use of diisocyanates, plastic &rubber Institute Conference Urethane &The Environment London 21-22.Sep.1976.

3)Ehrlicher.H,Brochhagen.,F.K,Health problems in the industrial use of isocyanates,plastic&rubber Institute Conference Urethane &The Environment London 21-22.Sep.1976.

4) Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Analytical Methods Manual Salt city Utha, 1990

5)MDHS 25 Organic Isocyanates in Air {Methods for the Determination of Hazardous substances March 1987}

6)Baur – X , Marek -W,Ammon - J,Czuppon -A,Marcynski-B,Raulf -Heimsoth-M:Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates,Int-Arch-Occup-Environ-Health.1994,66(3):141-52.

Hosain-ali Karbasi 1)

(MSPH OCCOUP. HEALTH)

-

Hosain Kakoei 2)

( PhD OCCOUP. HEALTH )

Said Jelaladin Shah-Taheri 2)

(PhD OCCOUP. HEALTH)

Said Gholam-Abas Mosavi3)

(MSPH STATIS. HEALTH)

Said Akabar Sharifian4)

( M.D. OCCOUP. M. )

Davar- Khah Rabani3)

(PhD ENVIRON. HEALTH ENG.)

1) Kashan university of medical sciences, SETAD

Abuzar St. kashan, Iran (karbasiha@yahoo.com).

2) Tehran university of medical sciences, Health Faculty

(School Of Public Health and Institute Of Public Health(shahtaheri@tums.ac.ir)(kakooei@gmail.com).

Research), Enghab St.Ghods St. Pore-Sina St.

Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

3) Kashan university of medical sciences, Health Faculty

Gotbe-Ravandi St. kashan, Iran.

4) Tehran university of medical sciences, medical Faculty,

Enghab St.Ghods St. Pore-Sina St. Tehran University,

Tehran, Iran.

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